منابع مشابه
Personal bests as reference points
Personal bests act as reference points. Examining 133 million chess games, we find that players exert effort to set new personal best ratings and quit once they have done so. Although specific and difficult goals have been shown to inspire greater motivation than vague pronouncements to "do your best," doing one's best can be a specific and difficult goal-and, as we show, motivates in a manner ...
متن کاملGoals as reference points.
We argue that goals serve as reference points and alter outcomes in a manner consistent with the value function of Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; Tversky & Kahneman, 1992). We present new evidence that goals inherit the properties of the value function-not only a reference point, but also loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity. We also use the value function to explain previous e...
متن کاملContracts as Reference Points — Experimental
493 In a recent paper Hart and Moore (2008) develop a theory which provides a basis for long-term contracts in the absence of noncontractible investments. The theory is also capable of rationalizing the employment contract, which fixes wages in advance and leaves discretion to the employer. However, the theory rests on strong behavioral assumptions that lack direct empirical support and deviate...
متن کاملPersonal bests (PBs): a proposed multidimensional model and empirical analysis.
BACKGROUND This study seeks to identify the cornerstones of personal bests (PBs) in the educational setting. AIMS The study proposes a multidimensional PB model in which students are most likely to attain PBs on tasks/goals that are (1) specific, (2) challenging, (3) competitively self-referenced, and (4) self-improvement based. SAMPLE The study draws upon data from 1,016 students from 5 Au...
متن کاملContracts as Reference Points: Experimental Evidence
Contracts as Reference Points: Experimental Evidence In a recent paper, Hart and Moore (2008) introduce new behavioral assumptions that can explain long term contracts and important aspects of the employment relation. However, so far there exists no direct evidence that supports these assumptions and, in particular, Hart and Moore’s notion that contracts provide reference points. In this paper,...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706530115